Chinua Achebe criticizes Joseph Conrad's short novella Heart of Darkness within his article response An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness as stated by the title, racist. Why though? In the past two weeks, my class and I have been assigned to read Heart of Darkness and in all honesty while reading, despite struggling A LOT with the text, I saw no racism really within the work. Sure there were comments here and there, but I strongly believe in contrast to Achebe, that Conrad needed to implement racism in order to make his work come more across.
Conrad wants us to believe that Heart of Darkness reflects the unknown and spiritual darkness of several of his characters. Not only that, but it is also a warning to all men. Conrad believed that all men had evil in them and that the jungle, and a lack of civilization, brought out the savagery in them. For example, Kurtz’s character has many levels of the evil which sprouted from man’s original sin. The longer Kurtz stays in the Congo, the harder it is for him to go back to civilization. Conrad’s view of Africa at the time also shows through in the title.
He noticed that Africa had turned into a place of great sin. The Europeans were fighting for power and the natives were forced into slavery, which overall represents the movement of imperialism into the Congo during the time period. The concentration of European markets and the practice of imperialism in Africa were extremely popular at the time, especially when it involved the trade of ivory which is the main resource in the novella. This led the Congo into darkness.
Also within the article, Achebe has claimed that Heart of Darkness is an “offensive and deplorable book” that “set[s] Africa up as a foil to Europe, as a place of negations at once remote and vaguely familiar, in comparison with which Europe’s own state of spiritual grace will be manifest.” Achebe says that Conrad does not provide enough of an outside frame of reference to enable the novel to be read as ironic or critical of imperialism. However, the ambiguity and angst inherent in the statements this book makes about imperialism suggest that Achebe's condemnation is too simple.
So in the end, I just want to comment on how ignorant and misinformed Achebe is.
